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PCB layout is the most important step in the design of electronic products. PCB layout and wiring will directly affect the performance of the circuit. Nowadays, although there are many softwares that can realize automatic PCB layout and routing, as signal frequencies continue to increase, engineers often need to understand the basic principles and techniques of PCB layout and routing to make their design perfect.
The so-called source synchronization means that the clock strobe signal CLK is transmitted by the driver chip along with the transmission data, and it does not use an independent clock source like the common clock synchronization. In the source synchronous data transceiving, the data is first sent to the receiving end, and the strobe clock is sent to the receiving end for sampling and latching the batch of data after a short time. The schematic diagram is shown in Figure 2. The timing analysis of source synchronization is simpler than the synchronization of common clocks. The analysis methods are very similar. The analysis formula is directly given below:
Suppression of Conductor Crosstalk on PCB Boards Routes are avoided when designing and cabling. As long as there are electronic components such as integrated circuits, which can be used for electrical interconnection between them, in order to suppress the crosstalk between the PCB circuit board wires, in designing the wiring to avoid the long distance of the equal alignment, so need to use pcb circuit board. In the research process of larger electronic products, the lowest level of success factors are the design, documentation, and manufacturing of printed boards. Its design and manufacturing quality directly affect the quality and cost of the entire product, and even lead to the success or failure of commercial competition.
PCB light painting process is a very important part of PCB in the circuit transfer process. Any errors that occur in this link may bring serious problems to the subsequent process, so each step inside must be strictly controlled.
The concepts of Layer, Via, Overlay, Pad, Mask, etc.,
Each VXI bus device has a set of “configuration registers”. The system main controller reads some of the basic configuration information of the VXI bus device by reading the contents of these registers, such as device type, model, manufacturer, and address space (A16, A24). , A32) and the required storage space.
In high speed designs, the characteristic impedance of the controllable impedance plates and lines is one of the most important and common problems. First, let's look at the definition of a transmission line: a transmission line consists of two conductors of a certain length, one for transmitting signals and the other for receiving signals (remember that the "loop" replaces the concept of "ground"). In a multi-layer board, each line is part of a transmission line, and an adjacent reference plane can be used as a second line or loop. The key to a line becoming a "good performance" transmission line is to keep its characteristic impedance constant throughout the line.
The anti-jamming measures that are not common in some literatures are detailed below. Considering the practical application, especially in the trial production of products, double panels are still widely used. The following contents are mainly for double panels.
This is a big problem. We set aside other factors, just the PCB design aspects, share the following experience for reference exchange:
Flexible printed circuit boards can be classified according to the type of bending encountered during assembly and use. There are two design types, which are discussed below:
The PCB board is divided into many layers. What are the techniques for the high four-layer routing? Let me introduce you to the following.
As an electronic engineer, designing a circuit is a must-have hard work, and the principle design is perfect. If the board design is unreasonable, the performance will be greatly reduced, and even if it is serious, it will not work properly.
In circuit design, we are generally concerned about the quality of the signal, but sometimes we are often limited to the signal line for research, and the power and ground as the ideal situation to deal with, although this can simplify the problem, but in high-speed design This simplification is no longer feasible. Although the direct result of circuit design is manifested in signal integrity, we must not neglect the power integrity design. Because power integrity directly affects the signal integrity of the final PCB. Both power integrity and signal integrity are closely related, and in many cases, the main cause of signal distortion is the power system. For example, the ground bounce noise is too large, the design of the decoupling capacitor is not suitable, the loop effect is serious, the division of multiple power/ground planes is not good, the design of the ground layer is unreasonable, the current is not uniform, and the like.
Now that we know that PCBs can provide mechanical support and electrical connections for electronic components, how are these electronic components mounted on the PCB?
In order to successfully latch data into the device, the data signal must remain active at the input of the receiving chip for a sufficient amount of time to ensure that the signal is correctly latched by the clock sample. This time is called hold time. In the common clock bus, the receiver buffer latches the data with the second clock edge while latching the next data to the data transmitter on the driver side. Therefore, in order to satisfy the receiving end holding time, it is necessary to ensure that the valid data is latched into the receiving terminal flip-flop before the next data signal arrives, which requires that the delay of receiving the clock CLKA is smaller than the delay of receiving the data signal.
Can you introduce some foreign technical books and materials on high-speed PCB design?
10 questions and answers.
People think that the earth can absorb all the charges, always maintain a stable, is the ultimate reference point. Although some boards are not connected to the earth, but the power plant is connected to the earth, the power of the board will eventually return to the power plant into the ground.
For chip design, there are usually two ways to solve signal integrity problems. The RF solution focuses on the transmission line, often using impedance matching on the package boundary, while the digital (ie, broadband) solution emphasizes the choice of package, controlling the number of simultaneous switching and switching speed, and using between the external power supply pins of the package and ground. Bypass capacitors, the capacitance inside the IC is achieved by the overlap of the metal layers, which provides a local low-impedance path for high-speed transient currents to prevent ground bounce.
10 techniques
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